Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

The risk factors for PAD, or blockages in the peripheral arteries, are similar to those that cause coronary artery disease, or CAD. These include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, history of coronary artery disease, and genetic influences. PAD in the legs can manifest itself as exertional leg pain or cramping, referred to as claudication. This often occurs in the calf but can involve the entire leg and buttocks as well. In the carotid arteries PAD is a major risk factor for stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Abdominal aortic aneurysms are another serious manifestation of PAD.

PAD screening is important. Ankle brachial index testing (ABI) is a noninvasive way to screen for PAD of the legs. Blood pressure cuffs are inflated at various points on the legs, and a Doppler pulse wave is recorded. If a “drop off” is seen in the blood pressure or waveform, then PAD is suspected, and further testing may be required. Carotid arteries and abdominal aortas can be screened with a simple ultrasound test. Cardiac Care Associates provide these screening tests.